Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)	transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)	reactive oxygen species (ROS)
hepatitis B virus (HBV)	Receptor for activated C kinase1 (RACK1)
hepatitis C virus (HCV)	Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1)
HBV X protein (HBx)	Transforming acidic coiled-coil protein 3 (TACC3)
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)	GATA transcription factor 5 (GATA5)
tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)	Level of Atonal homolog 8 (ATOH8)
interleukin 6 (IL-6)	basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH)
programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)	Zinc finger E-box binding Hox 1 (ZEB1)
programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)	MYC-associated zinc finger protein (MAZ)
tumor-initiating stem-like cells (TICs)	microRNAs (miRNAs)
mesenchymal transition (EMT)	long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)
epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)	Long non-coding RNA activated by TGF-β (lncRNA-ATB)
octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4)	intestine-specific homeobox transcription factor (ISX)
insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 2	aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)
IGF 1 receptor (IGF1R)	Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)
vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)	Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)