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. 2019 May 22;8(5):486. doi: 10.3390/cells8050486

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Effect of 2-Cl-MGV-1 and MGV-1 on the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of BV-2 cells. BV-2 cells were exposed to 100 ng/mL LPS for 24 hours with or without 2-Cl-MGV-1 and MGV-1 (final concentration 25 µM). (A) IL-6, (B) IL-1β, (C) IFN-γ, and (D) TNF-α levels (pg/mL for all). The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were calculated using a standard calibration curve and are presented as means ± SD; n = 4 per group in (A), (C), and (D); n = 6 in (B). ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post-hoc test was performed. *** p < 0.001 indicates significant differences of LPS treatment compared to all other treatment groups, including vehicle and naive. LPS+2-Cl-MGV-1 and LPS+MGV-1 did not differ significantly from both naïve and vehicle levels. All of these four cytokines are markers for M1 pathway of inflammation.