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. 2019 Apr 27;10(5):284. doi: 10.3390/mi10050284

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Typical single-vortex flow pattern obtained by µPIV in a GB-MBR with $S = 60^{\circ}$ at $P_{mix} = 600 W \cdot m^{- 3}$ and (a) $f = 66 Hz$ and (b) $f = 206 Hz$ . The abscise and the ordinate indicate lateral coordinates x and y within the GB-MBR. The origin (0,0) is the center of the GB-MBR. The arrows indicate magnitude and direction of the lateral flow vector $u_{x}, u_{y}$ . The background color indicates magnitude and direction of $u_{z}$ .