Table 1.
Data are expressed as mg(a) or µg(b) of pure compound per g water extract from Vitis vinifera leaves (VVWE) (mean ± SD). Recovery percentage (% recovery) was calculated on the availability in weight of pure compounds after permeation of 150 mg of VVWE in four replicates.
| VVWE Composition: Identified Compounds | Donor Solution Content mg/g a ± SD |
Permeated Amount µg/g b ± SD (% Recovery) |
Retained Amount in the Epidermidis µg/g b ± SD (% Recovery) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Caftaric acid | 9.99 ± 0.35 | 47.59 ± 27.64 (0.476%) | 10.20 ± 9.00 (0.102%) |
| Rutin | 1.31 ± 0.05 | 0.30 ± 0.35 (0.023%) | 0.80 ± 0.91 (0.061%) |
| Hyperoside | 2.30 ± 0.17 | 0.47 ± 0.68 (0.020%) | 1.34 ± 1.43 (0.058%) |
| Quercetin 3-O-glucoside | 21.68 ± 0.91 | 8.74 ± 9.50 (0.040%) | 13.58 ± 15.88 (0.063%) |
| Quercetin 3-O-glucuronide | 29.14 ± 1.92 | 51.66 ± 46.10 (0.177%) | 28.08 ± 30.33 (0.096%) |
| Kaempferol 3-O-glucoside | 3.77 ± 0.06 | 2.09 ± 1.70 (0.055%) | 3.53 ± 3.90 (0.094%) |
| Delphinidin 3-O-glucoside | 0.95 ± 0.03 | 0.48 ± 0.68 (0.050%) | 0.04 ± 0.08 (0.004%) |
| Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside | 2.29 ± 0.04 | 1.63 ± 2.08 (0.071%) | 0.30 ± 0.60 (0.013%) |
| Petunidin 3-O-glucoside | 0.66 ± 0.05 | 0.38 ± 0.53 (0.058%) | 0.10 ± 0.20 (0.015%) |
| Peonidin 3-O-glucoside | 1.91 ± 0.06 | 2.17 ± 2.72 (0.114%) | 0.58 ± 1.17 (0.030%) |
| Malvidin 3-O-glucoside | 1.27 ± 0.07 | 0.92 ± 1.22 (0.072%) | 0.29 ± 0.58 (0.023%) |