Table 4.
CSC-based clinical trials in HNSCC (diagnostics, prognosis and treatment) (selected).
| CSC Marker | Pathology/Stage | Treatment | Clinical Endpoint | Sample Size | Trial Identifier | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Diagnostic potential | ||||||
| Bmi-1 | HNSCC, OSCC, LSCC, stage I–IV | DSS, DFS, OS | 64–149 | [88,140,176] | ||
| CD133 | HNSCC/LSCC, stage I–IV | OS, DSF | 83–98 | [174,175] | ||
| Oct-4 | HNSCC, stage I–V | OS, DSF | 60 | [173] | ||
| Nanog | OSCC | OS | 57 | [172] | ||
| Sox2 | HNSCC, stage III–IV | Radiation | OS | 725 | [171] | |
| 2. Prognostic potential | ||||||
| CD44 | HNSCC, SCC | RCT | OS, LRC, Distant metastases, Overall survival, Toxicity, Efficiency | 29–221 | NCT03148665 (OncAlert™), NCT02254018 (Bivatuzumab Mertansine) | [27,169,170] |
| cMet | HNSCC | RCT | LRC, Distant metastases, Overall survival | 221 | [27] | |
| CD98 | HNSCC | RCT | LRC, Distant metastases, Overall survival | 197-221 | [27,168] | |
| 3. Therapeutic potential | ||||||
| Hedgehog | Recurrent HNSCC | IPI-926, Cetuximab | Toxicity, Safety, Efficiency | NCT01255800 | ||
| cMet | Tivantinib, INC280, Ficlatuzumab | Toxicity, Safety, Efficiency | NCT01619618 (E1302 Trial) NCT01696955 NCT02205398 NCT03422536 | |||
| CD44 | Bivatuzumab Mertansine | Toxicity, Safety, Efficiency | NCT02254018 | |||