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(a) Device I−V characteristics (black line) and photodiode I−V characteristics (red line), (b) luminance−current density characteristics, and (c) a typical electroluminescence (EL) spectrum at the operation voltage of 5 V (PL spectrum of the corresponding SiQD-De dispersed in chloroform). A photograph demonstrates a representative pale-orange-light-emitting quantum dot light emitting diode (QLED).
