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. 2019 May 9;8(5):429. doi: 10.3390/cells8050429

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Epigenetic regulation of MyoD in the quiescent and activated satellite cells (SCs). MyoD is repressed in dormant SCs due to the presence of H3K9me2 marks, recruited by the Msx1/G9a complex (A). Furthermore, the binding of MyoD to the muscle regulatory factors (MRFs) through the binding of the Snai1/2:HDAC1/2 complex, renders the MRFs hypo-acetylated. The small amount of MyoD that binds to the MRFs will recruite SUV39h and KMT1A, leading to the addition of repressive H3K9/27m3 marks (B). Upon SC activation, repressive marks are removed from MyoD by Kdm1a and from the MRFs by phosphor-retinoblastoma (pRb). Furthermore, acetylation is increased by binding of p300 and pCAF (C,D). Once MyoD is activated, it will bind to the MRFs and recruit Set7/9, JMJD2A and SWI/SNF, which will add permissive H3K4m3 marks (D).