Figure 2.

Illustration of the main signaling pathways activated upon Ang2 binding to endothelial cells. Ang2 can interact with Tie2 either as an antagonist or as an agonist, when present at high concentrations. Activation of the Tie2 downstream pathway, which occurs in the absence of VE-PTP, eventually leads to Foxo1 inhibition and upregulation of endothelial functions. Upon Ang2 binding, Tie2 heterodimerizes with Tie1 and they can both form complexes with integrins. Ang2 can bind to integrins also independently of Tie2, inducing endothelial cell migration and sprout formation.