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. 2019 May 8;17(5):272. doi: 10.3390/md17050272

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Comparison of the four phlorotannins isolated from ECE on excessive proliferation and migration of VSMCs in vitro. (A) Illustration explains palmitate conjugation to BSA (PA) induced VSMC dysfunction model in vitro. (B) PA with or without phlorotannin treated VSMCs were measured using a proliferation assay, and (C) trans-well migration assay. *, P < 0.05 vs. the PBS group; $, P < 0.05 vs. PA group; and, #, P < 0.05 vs. the PA/PPB group. NS, not significant. PA, palmitate conjugation to BSA; DK, dieckol; PHB, 2,7-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol; PPB, pyrogallol-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol; PFFA, phlorofucofuroeckol A.