Table 2.
Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) expression and its clinical impact in lung cancer patients.
| Positive RKIP Expression (%) | Prognostic Value | Clinical Correlations | Molecule Analyzed (Technique) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AC | SCC | AC+SCC | Nontumor | ||||
| Zhu C et al., 2012 [85] | - | 47.7% (41/86) | 47.7 % (41/86) | 76.7 % (66/86) | - | LN metastasis; TMN stage; E-Cadherin expression | mRNA (RT-PCR) |
| Wang Q et al., 2014 [86] | 49% (31/63) | 32.7% (16/49) | 41.9% (47/112) | Yes † | - | LN metastasis; TMN stage | mRNA (QPCR) |
| Yan H et al., 2012 [87] | 52.6% (30/57) | 47.0% (48/102) | 49.1% (78/159) | - | - | LN metastasis; TMN stage | Protein (IHC 1) |
| Shi-Yang X et al., 2017 [88] | 53% (16/30) | 79% (44/63) | 64.5% (60/93) | - | Yes (independent) | LN metastasis; TMN stage; Radiotherapy resistance | Protein (IHC 2) |
| Wang A et al., 2017 [89] | - | - | 51% (51/100) | Yes† | - | LN metastasis; TMN stage; Distant metastasis; phosphorylated STAT3 | Protein (IHC 3 e WB) |
| Huerta-Yepez S et al., 2011 [90] | - | - | 37.6% (140/372) 4,* | Yes† | Yes (independent) 1 | LN metastasis; Age | Protein 4 (TMA, IHC, WB) |
AC: adenocarcinoma; SCC: Squamous Cell Carcinoma; LN: Lymph Node; IHC: Immunohistochemistry; WB: Western Blot; TMA: Tissue Microarray; RT-PCR: semi-quantitative PCR: QPCR: Real Time PCR. † Comparison of expression between surrounding healthy tissue and tumor tissue was performed and found significantly lower in tumor tissues, but percentage of RKIP positivity in nontumor tissues were not discriminated. 1 RKIP antibody not specified. 2 Antibody: ab76582, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA (Dilution—1:400). 3 Antibody: reference 13006, Cell signaling Technology, Inc. (Danvers, MA, USA) (Dilution: 1:200). 4 Relative to phosphorylated RKIP: Rabbit-anti-human pRKIP from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dilution—1:250). * Calculated from the survival curves presented in the paper.