. 2019 May 13;9(5):235. doi: 10.3390/ani9050235

Table 2.

The Mean (and standard deviations) of the various physiological indicators of welfare for the 4 types of enrichment over time.

	Enrichment Material Treatment
	Chain	Wood	Straw	Paper	P Treatment ³	P Time
CgA 67 ¹	0.77 ^a ± 0.87	0.73 ^a ± 0.99	1.10 ^ab ± 1.57	1.08 ^a ± 1.57
CgA 128	1.15 ^b ± 2.20	1.09 ^ab ± 1.64	1.34 ^b ± 2.19	2.51 ^b ± 3.89	NS	**
CgA 164	0.73 ^a ± 0.61	0.72 ^a ± 0.52	0.63 ^a ± 0.57	0.71 ^a ± 0.44
N:L 66 ²	0.66 ^a ± 0.32	0.67 ^a ± 0.24	0.67 ^a ± 0.32	0.62 ^a ± 0.21	NS	**
N:L 170	0.79 ^b ± 0.31	0.83 ^b ± 0.31	0.82 ^b ± 0.45	0.77 ^b ± 0.47

¹ CgA 67, 128, 164 = Chromogranin A (µg/ml) at 67, 128 or 164 days old. ² N:L 66, 170 = Neutrophil/Lymphocyte ratio at 66 or 170 days old. ^{3 a}, ^b and ^c: means with different superscripts present significant differences due to treatment (row comparisons) or due to time (column comparisons). ** = P < 0.01.