Table 2.

Two‐sample MR for association of LDL cholesterol level and BMI with OA end points in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study^a

MR method and OA end point	LDL cholesterol		BMI
	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P
Conventional MRb
OA diagnosis	0.86 (0.75–0.98)	0.029	1.41 (0.96–2.08)	0.089
OA joint replacement	1.01 (0.85–1.20)	0.910	1.19 (0.77–1.82)	0.442
Total OA	0.93 (0.81–1.06)	0.281	1.24 (0.86–1.79)	0.266
Multivariable MRc
OA diagnosis	0.85 (0.73–0.98)	0.022	1.39 (1.05–1.86)	0.025
OA joint replacement	1.02 (0.87–1.19)	0.853	1.35 (0.98–1.86)	0.069
Total OA	0.91 (0.80–1.04)	0.178	1.32 (1.01–1.72)	0.048
MR‐Eggerc
OA diagnosis	0.91 (0.73–1.13)	0.405	3.25 (1.26–8.39)	0.015
OA joint replacement	0.97 (0.73–1.28)	0.807	3.81 (1.39–10.4)	0.009
Total OA	0.94 (0.75–1.18)	0.583	3.41 (1.43–8.15)	0.006
Egger interceptd
OA diagnosis	1.00 (0.98–1.01)	0.505	0.97 (0.93–1.00)	0.062
OA joint replacement	1.00 (0.99–1.02)	0.689	0.96 (0.92–0.99)	0.014
Total OA	1.00 (0.98–1.01)	0.882	0.96 (0.93–0.99)	0.013
Weighted median MRe
OA diagnosis	0.83 (0.68–1.02)	0.078	1.39 (0.87–2.24)	0.172
OA joint replacement	0.90 (0.72–1.13)	0.354	2.01 (1.19–3.39)	0.009
Total OA	0.82 (0.68–0.99)	0.045	2.07 (1.33–3.21)	0.001

^aLDL = low‐density lipoprotein; BMI = body mass index; OA = osteoarthritis; OR = odds ratio; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval.

^bInverse‐variance–weighted Mendelian randomization (MR) provides estimates without correcting for pleiotropy 33.

^cInverse‐variance–weighted multivariable MR provides estimates after correcting for pleiotropy with other cardiometabolic traits 32.

^dEgger intercept reflects total horizontal pleiotropy 34.

^eWeighted median MR provides accurate estimates given that at least 50% of variants are valid instruments 35.