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. 2019 May 1;11(5):409. doi: 10.3390/v11050409

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Both Imd and Toll regulated AMPs are suppressed by IIV-6 infection. S2* cells were treated with 20-hydroxyecdysone (EcD) for 18 h, and then infected with IIV-6 for 6 h. (A) Cells were stimulated with peptidoglycan (PGN) for 6 h prior to RNA isolation. (B) S2* cells were then stimulated with cleaved Spätzle (spz) for 18 h prior to RNA isolation, and then analyzed by Nanostring nCounter. Heatmaps display Z scores of mRNA levels of immune genes in the presence or absence of virus and pathway stimulation clustered by expression pattern. Biologically independent duplicates are shown. Untr., untreated cells. EcD, cells treated with 20-hydroxyecdysone. EcD + PGN, cells treated with 20-hydroxyecdysone and peptidoglycan. EcD + spz, cells treated with 20-hydroxyecdysone and Spätzle.