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Yield of diagnostic modalities in malignant biliary strictures.
| Visual impression | D-SOC biopsy | Brush cytology | |
|---|---|---|---|
| PSC – cholangiocarcinoma | 2/2 | 1/2 | 1/2 |
| Cholangiocarcinoma | 4/4 | 2/4 | 1/4 |
| Gallbladder carcinoma | 1/1 | 0/1 | 0/1 |
| Rectal cancer metastases | 1/1 | 0/1 | 1/1 |
| Biliary IPMN | 2/2 | 2/2 | n/a |
| 10/10 | 6/10 | 3/8 |
D-SOC, single-operator digital cholangioscope; IPMN, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm; n/a, not available; PSC, primary sclerosing cholangitis.
