Table 2.

Recently reported natural exposures of carnivores and mesocarnivores to West Nile virus.

Common Name	Scientific Name	Detection Type	Location	Reference
Virginia opossuma	Didelphis virginiana	Virus	MO, USA	[31]
		Viral RNA/histopathologic	Quebec, CA	[32]
Raccoon	Procyon lotor	Antibodiesb	NY, USA	[19]
		Antibodies	Ontario, CA	[33]
Striped skunk	Mephitis mephitis	Antibodies	Ontario, CA	[33]
Black bear	Ursus americanus	Antibodies	MD, USA	[34]
Eurasian brown bear	Ursus arctos arctos	Antibodies	Slovakia	[35]
Red fox	Vulpes vulpes	Antibodiesb	Spain	[14]

^a Not a member of the mammalian order Carnivora but is considered to be a North American mesocarnivore. ^b Indicates that a single test (e.g., ELISA) was used, samples were not tested against multiple flaviviruses, or it is unclear if samples were tested against multiple flaviviruses. Therefore, all detections may or may not represent WNV.