Figure 1.

Determination of the growth kinetics and the time of one life cycle of porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) infection in porcine kidney epithelial (LLC-PK1) cells. The amounts of extracellular gRNA and sgRNA (A), as well as intracellular gRNA and sgRNA (B) were determined by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), respectively. Samples of supernatants and cells were collected at hourly intervals between 1 to 12 h post-infection. Viral titers were determined by end-point dilutions on fresh LLC-PK1 cells and calculated as TCID₅₀ per mL (C). Data represent mean values ± standard deviation (SD) of at least 3 replicates. Differences in the RNA copies or virus titer were evaluated by t-test, Asterisks indicate significant differences between the two groups, * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01.