Table 3. Association of Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate Use vs Nonuse With Hospitalization or Emergency Department Visit by Type of Gastrointestinal (GI) Event Within 30 Daysa.
| Variable | Use | Nonuse | HR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of Events (% Total)b | Incidence Rate (95% CI) per 1000 Person-Years | No. of Events (% Total) | Incidence Rate (95% CI) per 1000 Person-Years | ||
| Intestinal ischemia/thrombosis | 11 (0.1) | 6.82 (3.78-12.32) | <5c | 1.22 (0.31-4.89) | 4.92 (1.09-22.25) |
| GI ulceration/perforation | 13 (0.1) | 8.07 (4.68-13.89) | 7 (0) | 4.28 (2.04-8.98) | 1.75 (0.70-4.41) |
| Resection/ostomy | 14 | 8.69 (5.15-14.67) | 10 (0.1) | 6.11 (3.29-11.36) | 1.34 (0.59-3.02) |
Abbreviation: HR, hazard ratio.
a
Matched (greedy algorithm, without replacement) 1:1 to individuals without use on the logit of the high-dimensional propensity score (±0.2 of the standard deviation) and the following: age, sex, diabetes, congestive heart failure, prior acute kidney injury, chronic dialysis, history of hyperkalemia, previous nephrologist visit, medication use (β-blocker or renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade), and index date (within 1 year). Additional adjustment was for place of residence.
b
Total number of events is 38 because 1 patient had 2 events on the same day.
c
Number of events is suppressed when less than 5 as per the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences privacy policy.