Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of Study Participants.
| Characteristic | No. (%) | P Valuea | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 391) | Control (n = 134) | Intervention | ||||
| All (n = 257) |
Home Based (n = 128) | Clinic Based (n = 129) | ||||
| Age, mean (SD) | 67.8 (7.4) | 68.4 (8.1) | 67.3 (7.0) | 68.1 (7.4) | 66.5 (6.4) | .18 |
| Age, y | .10 | |||||
| 60-69 | 270 (69.1) | 88 (65.7) | 182 (70.8) | 84 (65.6) | 98 (76.0) | |
| 70-79 | 83 (21.2) | 27 (20.2) | 56 (21.8) | 32 (25.0) | 24 (18.6) | |
| ≥80 | 38 (9.7) | 19 (14.2) | 9 (7.4) | 12 (9.4) | 7 (5.4) | |
| Male sex | 58 (15.1) | 17 (12.7) | 41 (16.0) | 19 (14.8) | 22 (17.1) | .39 |
| Race/ethnicity | .42 | |||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 29 (7.4) | 6 (4.5) | 23 (9.0) | 12 (9.4) | 11 (8.5) | |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 119 (30.4) | 43 (32.1) | 76 (29.6) | 37 (28.9) | 39 (30.2) | |
| Hispanic | 220 (56.3) | 76 (56.7) | 144 (56.0) | 74 (57.8) | 70 (54.3) | |
| Other | 23 (5.9) | 9 (6.7) | 14 (5.5) | 5 (3.9) | 9 (7.0) | |
| Limited English proficiency | 144 (36.8) | 52 (38.8) | 92 (35.8) | 49 (38.3) | 43 (33.3) | .83 |
| Monthly household income <$1350 | 262 (67.0) | 86 (64.2) | 176 (68.5) | 87 (68.0) | 89 (69.0) | .39 |
| Married or partner | 94 (24.0) | 39 (29.1) | 55 (21.4) | 33 (25.8) | 22 (17.1) | .09 |
| Education | .09 | |||||
| <High school | 163 (41.7) | 63 (47.0) | 100 (38.9) | 50 (39.1) | 50 (38.8) | |
| High school graduate | 82 (21.0) | 27 (20.2) | 55 (21.4) | 31 (24.2) | 24 (18.6) | |
| Some college | 84 (21.5) | 31 (23.1) | 53 (20.6) | 25 (19.5) | 28 (21.7) | |
| College graduate | 62 (15.9) | 13 (9.7) | 49 (19.1) | 22 (17.2) | 27 (20.9) | |
| Physical impairment, severe | 58 (14.8) | 22 (16.4) | 36 (14.0) | 16 (12.5) | 20 (15.5) | .52 |
| Cognitive impairment | 204 (52.2) | 75 (56.0) | 129 (50.2) | 63 (49.2) | 66 (51.2) | .28 |
| Moderate-severe depression | 32 (8.4) | 10 (7.8) | 22 (8.7) | 12 (9.6) | 10 (7.9) | .76 |
| Comorbid medical conditions | ||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 153 (39.1) | 52 (38.8) | 101 (39.3) | 44 (34.4) | 57 (44.2) | .92 |
| High cholesterol | 210 (53.7) | 74 (55.2) | 136 (52.9) | 70 (54.7) | 66 (51.2) | .66 |
| Hypertension | 283 (72.4) | 106 (79.1) | 177 (68.9) | 88 (68.8) | 89 (69.0) | .03 |
| Main outcomes | ||||||
| ACT score, mean (SD) | 14.6 (4.0) | 14.3 (4.0) | 14.8 (3.9) | 15.0 (3.8) | 14.6 (4.0) | .25 |
| mAQLQ score, mean (SD) | 4.4 (1.1) | 4.3 (1.1) | 4.4 (1.2) | 4.4 (1.2) | 4.4 (1.2) | .78 |
| Patients with ≥1 hospitalization prior 12 mo | 6 (1.5) | 3 (2.2) | 4.4 (1.2) | 0 | 3 (2.3) | .42b |
| Patients with ≥1 ED visit prior 12 mo | 40 (10.2) | 13 (9.7) | 27 (10.5) | 17 (13.3) | 10 (7.8) | .86b |
| Medication Adherence Ratings scale score, mean (SD) | 3.7 (0.7) | 3.8 (0.7) | 3.6 (0.7) | 3.6 (0.7) | 3.7 (0.6) | .11 |
| MDI technique,c % correctly completed steps, median (range) | 60 (0-100) | 64 (9-100) | 56 (0-100) | 60 (0-100) | 55 (0-100) | .10 |
Abbreviations: ACT, Asthma Control Test; ED, emergency department; mAQLQ, Mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire; MDI, metered-dose inhaler.
a
Intervention vs control.
b
Fisher exact test.
c
n = 355.