Table 3. Hierarchical Logistic Regression of Patient-Level and Physician-Level Characteristics Associated With Arteriovenous Graft Use.
| Characteristic | Odds Ratio (95% CI)a | |
|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | |
| Patients | ||
| Age range, y | ||
| 18-64 | 1.34 (1.29-1.40) | 1.22 (1.16-1.28) |
| 65-74 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| 75-84 | 1.20 (1.14-1.25) | 1.33 (1.26-1.40) |
| 85-94 | 1.77 (1.65-1.89) | 2.18 (2.01-2.36) |
| ≥95 | 3.45 (2.28-5.22) | 4.08 (2.54-6.56) |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Female | 1.74 (1.68-1.80) | 1.86 (1.79-1.93) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| White | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Black | 2.29 (2.21-2.38) | 2.31 (2.20-2.42) |
| Asian | 1.43 (1.30-1.57) | 1.31 (1.17-1.47) |
| Hispanic | 1.21 (1.11-1.31) | 1.14 (1.03-1.26) |
| North America native | 0.80 (0.68-0.95) | 0.92 (0.75-1.14) |
| Other or unknown | 1.26 (1.15-1.39) | 1.29 (1.15-1.44) |
| Procedure setting | ||
| Hospital | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Nonhospital | 0.56 (0.51-0.62) | 0.39 (0.33-0.45) |
| Preoperative vein mapping | ||
| Yes | 0.95 (0.92-0.99) | 0.92 (0.87-0.96) |
| No | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Physicians | ||
| Sex | ||
| Male | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Female | 1.08 (1.00-1.16) | 1.06 (0.87-1.28) |
| Time since medical school graduation, y | ||
| 0-10 | 0.91 (0.84-0.98) | 0.83 (0.68-1.03) |
| 11-20 | 0.92 (0.88-0.96) | 0.88 (0.78-1.00)b |
| 21-30 | 0.84 (0.81-0.88) | 0.85 (0.75-0.96) |
| ≥31 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Primary specialty | ||
| Vascular surgery | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| General surgery | 0.89 (0.86-0.93) | 0.77 (0.69-0.86) |
| Cardiothoracic surgery | 0.78 (0.73-0.84) | 0.67 (0.55-0.82) |
| Other | 0.93 (0.84-1.03) | 1.07 (0.74-1.57) |
| Practice location | ||
| Metropolitan | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Rural | 0.89 (0.83-0.96) | 0.80 (0.65-0.98) |
| Practice region | ||
| Midwest | 0.92 (0.88-0.97) | 1.04 (0.91-1.18) |
| Northeast | 0.82 (0.77-0.86) | 0.83 (0.73-0.96) |
| South | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| West | 0.78 (0.75-0.82) | 0.86 (0.75-1.00) |
| Other | 1.28 (0.99-1.66) | 2.54 (1.27-5.06) |
| Volume of first-time hemodialysis access procedures | ||
| 11-18 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| 19-32 | 1.00 (0.95-1.06) | 0.99 (0.88-1.12) |
| ≥33 | 1.14 (1.09-1.20) | 1.12 (0.99-1.26) |
a
The outcome being modeled was whether a patient received an arteriovenous graft (vs an arteriovenous fistula) as their first-time hemodialysis access.
b
P = .049.