Table 2a.
Electroencephalography in Neurological Diseases—Studies evaluating the association between brain changes and gait measures.
| Reference | Objective | Methods (task/recordings/signal analysis) | Principal results |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thevathasan, 2012 [213] | Nature of oscillations in the PPN in 7 PD freezers | Gait LFPs of the PPN Time frequency analysis Connectivity (scalp electrodes) |
Peaks of alpha power during gait correlated with gait speed FOG associated with attenuation of alpha activity Alpha oscillations in a network involving the caudal subregion of the PPN and the cerebral cortex |
| Fraix, 2013 [52] | Dynamic changes in PPN area in 7 PD freezers | Step in place/sitting and standing Off and On dopa LFPs Time frequency analysis Connectivity (scalp electrodes) |
ON levodopa increases in alpha power during step in place and decrease in beta and gamma bands. Increased coherence with scalp electrodes. |
| Shine, 2014 [182] | Brain dynamic changes during turning in 24 PD freezers | Turning Scalp EEG Time-Frequency analysis Connectivity |
Increase in theta band power within the central and frontal areas during FOG Increased theta frequency coupling between the central and frontal leads |
| Handojoseno, 2015 [64] | Brain dynamic changes during turning in 4 PD freezers | Turning Scalp EEG Time-Frequency analysis Brain effective connectivity |
Increase power in beta2 band over posterior areas during actual FOG Increased connectivity towards the visual area |
| Handojoseno, 2015 [65] | Brain dynamic changes in 16 PD freezers | Timed up and go Scalp EEG Time frequency analysis Entropy Connectivity |
Posterior alpha power decreases during transition to FOG compared to normal walking decrease of entropy in most frequency bands and electrodes during FOG Connectivity: increase of beta synchronization |
| Syrkin-Nikolau, 2017[201] | STN dynamic changes during gait and turning in 14 PD freezers | Stepping in Place, forward walking, Turning and Barrier Course STN LFP Time-Frequency analysis Entropy |
The FOG STN demonstrated a greater decrease of beta power during stepping and gait than the Non-FOG STN During actual FOG, increased alpha entropy is observed |