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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jun 13.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019 May;16(5):269–281. doi: 10.1038/s41575-019-0125-y

Fig. 3. Potential sources of cholangiocytes in development and liver regeneration.

Fig. 3

a | Cholangiocytes develop via differentiation from hepatoblasts in response to developmental morphogens. b | Cholangiocyte homeostasis is based on self-replication of pre-existing mature cholangiocytes. c | Cholangiocyte regeneration occurs through an accelerated replication in response to regenerative hormones, growth factors and cytokines. d | Cholangiocyte differentiation from hepatic progenitor cells can occur during biliary injury and repair after reactivation of developmental pathways.