Fig. 3. Potential sources of cholangiocytes in development and liver regeneration.
a | Cholangiocytes develop via differentiation from hepatoblasts in response to developmental morphogens. b | Cholangiocyte homeostasis is based on self-replication of pre-existing mature cholangiocytes. c | Cholangiocyte regeneration occurs through an accelerated replication in response to regenerative hormones, growth factors and cytokines. d | Cholangiocyte differentiation from hepatic progenitor cells can occur during biliary injury and repair after reactivation of developmental pathways.