Table 3.
Clinical studies of STN, Cerebellum (CB), HNC, CZI, pHT, NA, and Fornix -DBS for the treatment of Epilepsy.
| Author/year | Mean age (years) | Type of study | n | Seizure type (s) | Follow up (months) | Average seizure reduction (range) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| STN | ||||||
| Benabid et al. (128) | 5 | Open label | 1 | SPS | 30 | 80.7% |
| Chabardes et al. (129) | 18 | Open label | 5 | TS, CS, GTC, HM | 18 (8–30) | 51.4% (0–80.7%) |
| Shon et al. (142) | 23, 22 | Open label | 2 | (FLE) TS | 18, 6 | 86.7% in one;88.6% in other |
| Handforth et al. (143) | 45, 46 | Open label | 2 | P | 26–32 | 50% and 33% |
| Lee et al. (79) (& ATN) | 20 | Open label | 3 | DIA, SGTC, TS | 18, 30, (1 loss) | 49.1% (20–71.4%) |
| Vesper et al. (144) | 39 | Open label | 1 | (PME), GTC, MYO | 12 | 50% MYO,100% GTC |
| Wille et al. (131) (& VIM) | 32 | Open label | 5 | (PME), GTC, MYO | 24 (12–42) | 30–100% |
| Capecci et al. (145) | 35, 30 | Open label | 2 | PM, GTC, DA, CPS, AA | 48, 18 | 65% in one and 0% in other |
| CB | ||||||
| Cooper et al. (20) | 29 | Open label | 15 | CPS, SGTC, GTC, MYO, TA | 27 | 10/15 “improved” |
| Van Buren et al. (19) | 27 | Double blind, cross over | 5 | CPS, SGTC, GTC, MYO | 15–21 range | No significant reduction |
| Levy et al. (146) | 29 | Open label | 6 | GTC | 7–20 range | 2/6 RR |
| Bidznski et al. (147) | NR | Open label | 14 | NR | 10–16 days | 13/14 “improved”; 1/14 no change |
| Wright et al. (148) | 30 | Clinical trial (Double blind, cross over) | 12 | GTC, DA, A, MYO, CPS | 6 blind | No statistically significant; 11/12 patients felt it helped |
| Davis et al. (149) | NR | Open label | 27 | Spastic seizures | 17 years | 23/27 improved; 4/27 no improvement |
| Chkhenkeli et al. (93) (& HCN, CDN) | 21–40 range | Single blind | 11 of 54 | GTC, CPS, SGTC, TS, PM | ≤18 | 5/11 seizure free;5/11 “worthwhile improvement”;1/11 no improvement* |
| Velasco et al. (135) | 26 | Clinical trial (Double blind, cross over) | 5 | GTC, TS, DA, MYO, AA | 24 (3 blind) | 67% (ON) vs. 7% (OFF);76% (62–89%) GTC; 57% (24–90%) TS |
| HCN | ||||||
| Chkhenkeli et al. (124) | NR | Open label | 57 | NR | NR | Unclear |
| Chkhenkeli et al. (93) (& CDN) | NR | Open label | 38 of 54 | GTC, CPS, SGTC, TS, PM | ≤18 | 21/38 Seizure free;14/38 “worthwhile improvement”;3/38 no improvement* |
| CZI | ||||||
| Franzini et al. (139) (& pHT) | 26 | Open label | 2 | (RS)SPS, SE | 6, 48 | 85% in one, andremission of SE in other;2/2 RR |
| Anderson et al. (150) | 20 | Open label | 3 | (NSPM)GTC, MYO, TA | 4.3 years (3–6) | 3/3 “improved” |
| pHT | ||||||
| Franzini et al. (139) | 20, 36 | Open label | 2 | DA, MYO, CPS | 9, 60 | 75% in one and 80% in other;2/2 RR |
| Benedetti et al. (141) | 21 | Open label | 5 | SPS, CPS, GTC, AA, DA, | 5 years | 89.6% (25–100%);5/5 RR |
| NA | ||||||
| Schmitt et al. (151) | 42 | Open label | 5 | SPS, CPS, GTC | 6 | 37.5% median; no significant changes in mean frequencies;2/5 RR of DS |
| Kwoski et al. (152) | 37 | Clinical trial (double blind, cross over) | 4 | SPS, CPS, SGTC | 15 (6 blind) | 17.2% (ON) vs. −1,6 (OFF) of DS at 28 days;3/4 RR of DS |
| FORNIX | ||||||
| Koubeissi et al. (26) | 41 | Open label | 7 | (MTLE), SPS, CPS | 1–9 days | Seizure odd reduced by 92% for day 1–2 |
Seizure types: SPS, Simple partial seizure; CPS, Complex partial seizure; TA, Typical Absence; GTC, Generalized tonic-clonic; SGTC, Secondarily generalized; SE, Status epilepticus; DA, Drop attack: atonic; AA, Atypical absence; MYO, Myoclonic; PM, Partial motor; TS, Tonic; RS, Rassmusen syndrome; NSPM, North Sea Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy.
Targets: CB, Cerebellum; HCN, Head of caudate nucleus; CZI, Caudal zona incerta; pHT, Posterior hypothalamus; NA, Nucleus accumbens; CDN, Cerebellar dentate nucleus.
Seizure onset: Bi, Bilateral; Uni, Unilateral; MTLE, medial temporal lobe epilepsy.
Outcomes: RR: Responders rate (Seizure reduction ≥50%); DS: Disabling seizures (CPS+ GTC).
Other: NR, Not report.
Engel Classification (93).