Table 3.
Items and standardized factor loadings for the included variables.
| Items | Factor loadings | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure to bullying behaviors | |||||
| Withholding important information which affected your performance | 0.76 | ||||
| Humiliated or ridiculed in connection with your work | 0.92 | ||||
| Ordered to do work bellow your level of competence | 0.73 | ||||
| Had your key areas of responsibility and replaced them with more trivial or unpleasant tasks | 0.79 | ||||
| Had gossip or rumors spread about you | 0.85 | ||||
| Ignored or excluded | 0.86 | ||||
| Insulting or offensive remarks made about your person or attitudes, or private life | 0.91 | ||||
| Been shouted at or spontaneous anger and rage expressed at you | 0.83 | ||||
| Behaving in intimidating manner toward you, e.g., finger pointed at you, invaded personal space, shoved, blocked or barred your way | 0.91 | ||||
| Made hints and signals that you should quit your job | 0.90 | ||||
| Repeatedly reminded you of your errors or mistakes | 0.81 | ||||
| Ignored or faced you with hostile reaction when approached | 0.92 | ||||
| Persistently criticized your work | 0.87 | ||||
| Ignored your views and opinions | 0.87 | ||||
| Carried out practical jokes towards you by someone you don’t get on with | 0.93 | ||||
| Were given tasks with unreasonable or impossible targets or deadlines | 0.75 | ||||
| Had allegations made against you | 0.87 | ||||
| Had your work excessively monitored | 0.73 | ||||
| Someone pressured you not to claim what by right you were entitled to (sick leave, holidays, travel expenses) | 0.87 | ||||
| Someone made you a subject of excessive teasing or sarcasm | 0.94 | ||||
| You were exposed to unmanageable workload | 0.74 | ||||
| You had threats of violence or physical abuse, or actual abuse | 0.98 | ||||
| Internal locus of control | |||||
| Whether or not I get to be a leader depends mostly on my ability | 0.47 | ||||
| Whether or not I get into a car accident depends mostly on how good a driver I am | 0.31 | ||||
| When I make plans, I am almost certain to make them work | 0.62 | ||||
| How many friends I have depends on how nice I am | 0.26 | ||||
| I can pretty much determine what will happen in my life | 0.73 | ||||
| I am usually able to protect my personal interests | 0.83 | ||||
| When I get what I want, it’s usually because I worked hard for it | 0.66 | ||||
| My life is determined by my own actions | 0.82 | ||||
| External locus of control | |||||
| I feel like what happens in my life is mostly determined by powerful people | 0.65 | ||||
| Although I might have good ability, I will not be given leadership responsibility without appealing to those in positions of power | 0.46 | ||||
| My life is chiefly controlled by powerful others | 0.80 | ||||
| People like myself have very little chance of protecting our personal interests when they conflict with those of strong pressure groups | 0.72 | ||||
| Getting what I want requires pleasing those people above me | 0.85 | ||||
| If important people were to decide they didn’t like me, I probably wouldn’t make many friends | 0.70 | ||||
| Whether or not I get into a car accident depends mostly on the other driver | 0.26 | ||||
| In order to have my plans work, I make sure that they fit with the desires of people who have power over me | 0.62 | ||||
| Psychological strain | |||||
| Lost much sleep over worry? | 0.67 | ||||
| Felt constantly under strain? | 0.72 | ||||
| Felt you couldn’t overcome your difficulties? | 0.69 | ||||
| Been feeling unhappy or depressed? | 0.89 | ||||
| Been losing confidence in yourself? | 0.90 | ||||
| Been thinking of yourself as a worthless person? | 0.87 | ||||
| Been able to concentrate on what you are doing? | 0.71 | ||||
| Felt you are playing a useful part in things? | 0.71 | ||||
| Felt capable of making decisions about things? | 0.79 | ||||
| Been able to enjoy your normal day-to-day activities? | 0.89 | ||||
| Been able to face up to your problems? | 0.83 | ||||
| Been feeling reasonably happy, all things considered? | 0.61 | ||||