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. 2019 Jun 6;10:1319. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01319

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Copyright © 2019 Sung, Park, Kim, Han, Lee, Lee, Nam, Jang, Bae, Choi, Shin, Park and Yoon.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Defective IFN-γ production ex vivo by HBV core₁₈₋₂₇-pentamer-stained CD8⁺ T cells in the IT phase after peptide stimulation. (A,B) Secretion of IFN-γ by bulk and pentamer⁺ CD8⁺ T cells as examined using the cytokine secretion assays. (A) Representative dotplot describing the proportion of IFN-γ-secreting cells after peptide stimulation. (B) Proportion of IFN-γ-secreting cells after HBV peptide stimulation in each patient sample analyzed. Anti-CD3 antibody was used for a positive control. AT, antiviral treatment; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; IA, immune-active; IFN, interferon; IT, immune-tolerant.