Table 1.
Maternal Antenatal Characteristics and Infant Birth Characteristics
| Maternal Antenatal Characteristics | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mothers | HIV- | HIV+ | P Value | No Malaria in Pregnancy | Malaria in Pregnancy | P Value |
| No. | 50 | 49 | 49 | 50 | ||
| Age, y | 21 | 29 | <.0001 | 28 | 21.9 | <.0001 |
| Married, No. (%) | 26/46 (57) | 36/45 (80) | .02 | 32/42 (76) | 30/49 (61) | .17 |
| Primary school only, No. (%) | 28/46 (61) | 36/45 (80) | .07 | 31/42 (74) | 33/49 (67) | .64 |
| Gravidity | 1.6 | 3.6 | <.0001 | 3.3 | 1.9 | <.0001 |
| Primigravidae, No. (%) | 23/43 (54) | 3/43 (7) | <.0001 | 5/39 (11) | 21/42 (50) | .0001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.2 | 23.3 | .8 | 23.7 | 22.8 | .18 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 11.3 | 10.5 | .037 | 10.9 | 10.9 | .9 |
| Anemia (Hb < 11 g/dL), No. (%) | 23/44 (52) | 25/43 (58) | .67 | 23/44 (52) | 25/43 (58) | .67 |
| Intestinal parasite infection during pregnancy, No. (%) | 21/40 (53) | 8/33 (24) | .017 | 10/32 (31) | 19/41 (46) | .23 |
| Malaria in pregnancy, No. (%) | 35/50 (70) | 15/49 (31) | .0001 | |||
| HIV positive, No. (%) | 34/49 (69) | 15/50 (30) | .0001 | |||
| Infant birth characteristics | ||||||
| Infants | HUU | HEU | P Value | No Malaria in Pregnancy | Malaria in Pregnancy | P Value |
| No. | 50 | 49 | 49 | 50 | ||
| Male, No. (%) | 21/49 (43) | 29/48 (60) | .1 | 25/47 (53) | 25/50 (50) | .84 |
| Gestational age, wk | 38.6 | 37.7 | .35 | 38.1 | 38.2 | .98 |
| Birth weight, kg | 3.16 | 3.17 | .86 | 3.24 | 3.1 | .17 |
| Low birth weight (<2.5 kg), No. (%) | 6/49 (12) | 8/48 (17) | .58 | 4/43 (9) | 10/50 (20) | .15 |
| Length, cm | 46.9 | 47.4 | .39 | 47.8 | 46.6 | .02 |
| Head circumference, cm | 35.7 | 35 | .08 | 35.3 | 35.5 | .6 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; HEU, HIV-exposed but uninfected neonates; HUU, HIV-unexposed uninfected neonates.