TABLE 2.

Multivariate Analysis of Correlates of Psychiatric ED Visits Among Age Groups

	Children		Adolescents
	RRR	95% CI	RRR	95% CI
Year	1.04	0.89 to 1.22	1.04	0.94 to 1.14
Region
Northeast	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Midwest	0.56	0.29 to 1.09	0.99	0.67 to 1.45
South	0.67	0.37 to 1.23	1.04	0.69 to 1.59
West	0.49*	0.27 to 0.90	0.74	0.49 to 1.12
Sex
Female	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Male	2.65*	1.67 to 4.19	0.78	0.61 to 0.99
Race and/or ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
African American, non-Hispanic	1.28	0.81 to 2.03	1.10	0.79 to 1.55
Hispanic	1.27	0.64 to 2.52	1.74*	1.22 to 2.47
Other	2.96	0.63 to 13.95	1.21	0.54 to 2.74
Insurance
Private	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Public	1.42	0.79 to 2.57	1.03	0.74 to 1.43
Self-pay	0.30*	0.10 to 0.92	0.22*	0.14 to 0.34
Other	0.48	0.14 to 1.70	0.26*	0.12 to 0.54
Visit on a weekend
No	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Yes	0.57*	0.15 to 0.94	0.86	0.63 to 1.18
Arrival time
Morning (<11 am)	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Afternoon (11 am–4 pm)	1.74	0.91 to 3.14	1.69*	1.19 to 2.39
Evening (5 pm–12 am)	2.35*	1.34 to 4.12	2.04*	1.49 to 2.80
Urgent
No	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Yes	0.85	0.50 to 1.44	1.76*	1.24 to 2.50
Length of visit	0.99	0.99 to 1.00	1.00	0.99 to 1.00
Arrive by ambulance
No	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Yes	0.39*	0.21 to 0.75	0.71*	0.54 to 0.93
Mental health provider seen
No	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Yes	1.06	0.32 to 2.11	2.08*	1.46 to 2.96
Admit to hospital
No	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Yes or transfer to another hospital	0.58	0.31 to 1.11	1.06	0.67 to 1.69
Transfer or admit to a psychiatric facility	1.48	0.61 to 3.58	2.47*	1.49 to 4.11
Psychiatric diagnosis or RFVa
Mood	0.83	0.50 to 1.37	1.57*	1.18 to 2.08
Behavior	7.64*	4.62 to 12.62	2.53*	1.79 to 3.56
SUDs	0.05*	0.02 to 0.13	0.41*	0.30 to 0.54
Psychosis	0.57	0.22 to 1.47	0.67	0.44 to 1.02
Suicide attempt or intentional self-injury	0.47	0.19 to 1.14	3.19*	2.27 to 4.48
Other	1.68*	1.12 to 2.53	1.87*	1.43 to 2.43
Count of diagnoses and/or RFVs	0.86	0.61 to 1.20	1.30*	1.09 to 1.54
Primary diagnosis is psychiatric
No	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Yes	0.96	0.61 to 1.51	2.21*	1.66 to 2.93

RRR, relative risk ratio.

^aReflects the presence of any of the listed diagnoses or RFVs; young adults served as the reference group.

^*P < .05.