Text‐body table 4: Studies included in this review by intervention area and intervention type |
Intervention area |
Intervention type |
Studies |
A. Labelling interventions |
A.1 Traffic light labelling |
2 ITS studies (Boelsen‐Robinson 2017; Hartigan 2017) |
A.2 Nutritional rating score shelf‐labels in supermarkets |
1 ITS and 1 CBA study (Cawley 2015; Hobin 2017) |
A.3 Menu board calorie labelling in chain restaurants and cafés |
1 controlled ITS and 2 CBA studies (Bollinger 2011; Elbel 2013; Finkelstein 2011) |
A.4 Emoticon labelling in school cafeterias |
1 ITS study (Siegel 2016a) |
B. Nutrition standards in public institutions |
B.1 Reduced availability of SSB in schools |
6 CBA and 1 controlled ITS study (Bauhoff 2014 cohort; Bauhoff 2014 crosssectionall; Cradock 2011; Huang 2012; Lichtman‐Sadot 2016; Schwartz 2009; Whatley Blum 2008) |
B.2 Improved access to drinking water in schools |
2 CBA studies, 2 NRCTs and 1 cluster‐RCT (Elbel 2015a; Muckelbauer 2009; Schwartz 2016; Van de Gaar 2014; Visscher 2010) |
B.3 Small prizes for the selection of healthier beverages in school cafeterias |
1 RCT and 2 ITS studies (Hendy 2011; Siegel 2016b; Emerson 2017) |
B.4 Improved placement of healthier beverages in school cafeterias |
1 cluster‐RCT (Cohen 2015) |
B.5 Fruit provision in schools |
1 cluster‐RCT and 1 CBA study (Øverby 2012; Da Costa 2014) |
C. Economic tools |
C.1 Price increases on SSB |
3 ITS studies (Blake 2018; Breeze 2018; Cornelsen 2017) |
C.2 Financial incentives to purchase low‐calorie beverages implemented through supermarket loyalty cards |
3 RCTs (Ball 2015; Franckle 2018; Ni Mhurchu 2010) |
C.3 Price discounts on low‐calorie beverages in community stores |
1 cluster‐RCT (Brimblecombe 2017) |
C.4 Taxation of SSB |
Not covered by this review |
D. Advertisement regulation |
No studies found |
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E. Whole food supply interventions |
E.1 Voluntary food and beverage industry initiatives to improve the nutritional quality of the whole food supply |
2 controlled ITS and 1 CBA study (Ng 2014a; Ng 2014b; Taillie 2015) |
F. Retail and food service interventions |
F.1 Healthier default beverages in children’s menus in restaurants |
1 ITS study (Peters 2016a) |
F.2 In‐store promotion of low‐calorie beverages in supermarkets |
1 cluster‐RCT (Foster 2014) |
F.3 Healthier vending machines in workplaces and schools |
2 cluster‐RCTs and 1 NRCT (Ermetici 2016; Hua 2017; French 2010) |
F.4 Urban planning restrictions on new fast‐food outlets |
1 CBA study (Sturm 2015) |
F.5 Restrictions to the number of stores selling SSB in remote communities |
1 ITS study (Minaker 2016) |
G. Action across sectors |
G.1 Trade and investment liberalisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries |
2 controlled ITS studies (Baker 2016; Schram 2015) |
G.2 Government food benefit programmes with incentives and restrictions |
3 RCTs (Collins 2016 WIC; Harnack 2016; Olsho 2016) |
G.3 Government food benefit programmes without incentives and restrictions |
1 RCT and 1 CBA study (Collins 2016 SNAP; Waehrer 2015) |
G.4 Multi‐component community campaigns focused on SSB |
1 controlled ITS study (Schwartz 2017) |
H. Home‐based interventions |
H.1 Improved access to low‐calorie beverages in the home environment |
6 RCTs (Albala 2008; Anand 2007; Ebbeling 2006; Ebbeling 2012; Hernández‐Cordero 2014; Tate 2012) |
H.2 Provision of active video gaming equipment to teenagers |
1 RCT (Simons 2015) |