Effect of in vivo application of 7,8-DHF (A-D) and ANA-12 (E-H) on amplitude and frequency of sEPSCs (A, B, E and F) and sIPSCs (C, D, G and H) in NTSVL neurons before (P10-11), during (P12-13), and after (P14-15) the critical period. Note that 7,8-DHF significantly increased the frequency of sEPSCs (B) but decreased the amplitude and frequency of sIPSCs (C) during and after the critical period. The converse is true for ANA-12, which significantly reduced the amplitude and frequency of sEPSCs during and after the critical period (E and F) but increased the amplitude and frequency of sIPSCs (G and H) at those times. ANA-12 also suppressed the amplitude of sEPSCs before the critical period (F). All comparisons were made between treated and respective controls. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. (Modified from Gao et al., 2015).