Table 2. Characteristics of the included studies for T. gondii serological analysis in depressed patients and controls.
| No | First author | N | Case: MDD+ (n) | Control: MDD- (n) | MDD+ & T+ (n, %) | MDD- & T+ (n, %) | OR (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Conejero-Goldberg et al. [22] | 29 | 3 | 26 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 7.57 (0.13–445.73) | — |
| 2 | Thomas et al. [23] | 18 | 18 | — | 7 (38.9%) | — | 0.81 (0.29–2.3) | — |
| 3 | Alvarado-Esquivel et al. [24] | 183 | 3 | 180 | 1 (33.33%) | 16 (8.9%) | 5.13 (0.44–59.67) | p = 0.25 |
| 4 | Cetinkaya et al. [25] | 100 | 50 | 50 | 12 (24%) | 11 (22%) | 1.12 (0.44–2.84) | — |
| 5 | Hinze-Selch et al. [26] | 679 | 465 | 214 | 221 (47.5%) | 55 (25.70%) | 2.62 (1.83–3.74) | — |
| 6 | Hamidinejat et al.[27] | 94 | 46 | 48 | 15 (32.6%) | 14 (29.2%) | 1.18 (0.49–2.82) | — |
| 7 | Xiao et al. [28] | 2663 | 29 | 2634 | 4 (13.8%) | 329 (12.5%) | 1.12 (0.39–3.24) | — |
| 8 | Groër et al. [21] | 414 | 414 | — | 44 (10.63%) | — | — | — |
| 9 | Pearce et al. [29] | 515 | 515 | — | 65 (12.62%) | — | 0.73 (0.56–0.95) | p>0.05 |
| 10 | El-Sayed et al. [30] | 50 | 30 | 20 | 12 (40%) | 6 (30%) | 1.56 (0.47–5.18) | — |
| 11 | Gale et al. [31] | 129 | 129 | — | — | — | 0.48 (0.19–1.26) | — |
| 12 | Markovitz et al. [32] | 76 | 76 | — | — | — | 1.09 (0.57–2.10) | — |
| 13 | Al-Hussainy et al. [33] | 94 | 39 | 55 | 10 (25.64%) | 8 (14.55%) | 2.03 (0.72–5.72) | p = 0.001 |
| 14 | Cong et al. [34] | 484 | 39 | 445 | 3 (7.7%) | 55 (12.36%) | 0.59 (0·18–1.98) | — |
| 15 | Wilking et al. [35] | 6515 | 768 | 5,747 | 409 (53.25%) | 3161 (55%) | 0.93 (0·8–1.08) | …. |
| 16 | El-Aal et al. [36] | 178 | 118 | 60 | 24 (20.3%) | 7 (11.7%) | 1.93 (0.78–4.79) | — |
| 17 | Shiadeh et al. [37] | 360 | 116 | 244 | 69 (59.5%) | 125 (51.23%) | 1.4 (0.89–2.19) | p = 0.142 |
| 18 | Alvarado-Esquivel et al. [38] | 363 | 7 | 356 | 0 (0%) | 22 (6.2%) | 0.99 (0.05–17.91) | — |
| 19 | Alvarado-Esquivel et al. [39] | 325 | 65 | 260 | 15 (23.1%) | 18 (6.9%) | 4.03 (1.91–8.54) | p<0.001 |
| 20 | Gale et al.[40] | 1001 | 1001 | — | — | — | 0.83 (0.64, 1.06) | — |
| 21 | Sugden et al. [41] | 127 | 127 | — | 35 (27.56) | — | 1.01 (0.66–1.54) | — |
| 22 | Zaki et al. [42] | 168 | 6 | 162 | 2 (33.3%) | 24 (14.8%) | 2.88 (0.66–16.58) | p = 0.387 |
| 23 | Flegr and Escudero [43] | 1256 | 47 | 1209 | 8 (17.02%) | 285 (23.57%) | 0.67 (0.31–1.44) | p = 0·109 |
| 24 | Alvarado-Esquivel et al. [44] | 230 | 35 | 195 | 6 (17.1%) | 21 (10.8%) | 1.71 (0.64–4.61) | p = 0.02 |
| 25 | Suvisaari et al. [45] | 5917 | 288 | 5629 | 70 (20.35%) | 1331 (19.67%) | 1.04 (0.8–1.37) | p = 0.75 |
| 26 | Massa et al. [46] | 153 | 153 | — | — | — | 0.23 (0.087–0.613) | — |
| 27 | Abdollahian et al. [47] | 385 | 35 | 350 | 18 (51.43%) | 120 (34.28%) | 2.03 (1.01–4.08) | — |
| 28 | Flegr and Horáček [48] | 78 | 78 | — | — | — | 1.38 (0.84–2.25) | p = 0.203 |
| 29 | Alvarado-Esquivel et al. [49] | 400 | 200 | 200 | 9 (4.5%) | 12 (6.0%) | 0.74 (0.3–1.79) | p = 0.50 |
| 30 | Yolken et al.[50] | 635 | 64 | 571 | 5 (7.8%) | 35 (6.1%) | 1.3 (0.49–3.44) | — |
N and n: Number, CI: Confidence interval; MDD+: Individuals with depression; MDD-: Individuals without depression; MDD+ & T+: Individuals with depression and Toxoplasma positive; MDD- & T+: Individuals without depression and Toxoplasma positive; OR: Odds ratio