TABLE 2.
Antibiotic Prescribing and Guideline-Concordant Antibiotic Management in Matched Sample, 2015–2016
| Unmatched Visits | Matched Visits | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DTC Telemedicine | Urgent Care | Pa | PCP | Pb | DTC Telemedicine | Urgent Care | Pa | PCP | Pb | |
| Total ARI visits, N | 5431 | 87 555 | — | 1 132 116 | — | 4604 | 38 408 | — | 485 201 | — |
| Any antibiotics prescribed,c n (%)d | 2846 (52) | 40 594 (46) | <.001 | 376 638 (33) | <.001 | 2381 (52) | 16 198 (42) | <.001 | 152 687 (31) | <.001 |
| Guideline-concordant management,e n (%)d | 3246 (60) | 61 842 (71) | <.001 | 907 450 (80) | <.001 | 2712 (59) | 25 788 (67) | <.001 | 376 259 (78) | <.001 |
| Specifics category of guideline concordance and nonconcordance among ARI visits, n (%)d | ||||||||||
| Guideline-concordant use | 761 (14) | 18 613 (21) | <.001 | 189 970 (17) | <.001 | 561 (12) | 4260 (11) | .026 | 52 776 (11) | .005 |
| Guideline nonconcordant use | 369 (7) | 7514 (9) | <.001 | 83 297 (7) | .11 | 271 (6) | 2507 (7) | .095 | 31 138 (6) | .14 |
| Unnecessary antibiotic use | 1716 (32) | 14 467 (17) | <.001 | 103 371 (9) | <.001 | 1549 (34) | 9431 (25) | <.001 | 68 773 (14) | <.001 |
| No antibiotic use | 591 (11) | 14 449 (17) | <.001 | 193 937 (17) | <.001 | 433 (9) | 3787 (10) | .33 | 49 401 (10) | .083 |
| Guideline-concordant nonuse | 1994 (37) | 32 512 (37) | .54 | 561 541 (50) | <.001 | 1790 (39) | 18 424 (48) | <.001 | 283 114 (58) | <.001 |
—, not applicable.
P value determined from χ2 test for DTC telemedicine versus urgent care visits.
P value determined from χ2 test for DTC telemedicine versus PCP visits.
Visits with antibiotic prescribing include those categorized as guideline-concordant use, guideline nonconcordant use, and unnecessary antibiotic use.
Percentages reported are the proportion of visits in each setting meeting the specified criteria divided by the total number of ARI visits at that setting (indicated by the top row).
Visits with guideline-concordant antibiotic management include those categorized as guideline-concordant antibiotic use, no antibiotic use (for acute otitis media and sinusitis), and guideline-concordant nonuse of antibiotics.