TABLE 3.
Antibiotic Prescribing Outcomes by Diagnosis
| Pediatric Visits | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DTC Telemedicine | Urgent Care | Pa | PCP | Pb | |
| Total ARI Visits, N | 4604 | 38 408 | — | 485 201 | — |
| Summative categories | |||||
| Visits for which antibiotics may be indicated, n | 1265 | 10 553 | — | 133 314 | — |
| Any antibiotic use, n (%) | 832 (66) | 6766 (64) | .25 | 83 914 (63) | .038 |
| Guideline-concordant antibiotic management,c n (%) | 922 (73) | 7364 (70) | .023 | 93 145 (70) | .020 |
| Sinusitis visits, n | 646 | 5389 | — | 68 080 | — |
| Any antibiotic use, n (%) | 410 (63) | 3415 (63) | .96 | 43 219 (63) | .99 |
| Guideline-concordant antibiotic management, n (%) | 471 (73) | 3837 (71) | .36 | 49 611 (73) | .98 |
| Streptococcal pharyngitis visits, n | 250 | 2086 | — | 26 347 | — |
| Any antibiotic use, n (%) | 178 (71) | 1403 (67) | .21 | 17 315 (66) | .069 |
| Guideline-concordant antibiotic management, n (%) | 136 (54) | 974 (47) | .021 | 11 424 (43) | <.001 |
| Otitis media visits, n | 369 | 3078 | — | 38 888 | — |
| Any antibiotic use, n (%) | 244 (66) | 1948 (63) | .28 | 23 380 (60) | .019 |
| Guideline-concordant antibiotic management, n (%) | 315 (85) | 2553 (83) | .24 | 32 109 (83) | .16 |
| Visits where antibiotics not indicated, n | 3339 | 27 855 | — | 351 887 | — |
| Guideline-concordant antibiotic management, n (%) | 1790 (54) | 18 424 (66) | <.001 | 283 114 (80) | <.001 |
| Bronchiolitis visits, n | 51 | 263 | — | 4037 | — |
| Guideline-concordant antibiotic management, n (%) | 31 (61) | 182 (69) | .25 | 3197 (79) | .001 |
| Bronchitis visits, n | 363 | 2686 | — | 27 308 | — |
| Guideline-concordant antibiotic management, n (%) | 160 (44) | 1114 (41) | .344 | 11 270 (41) | .28 |
| Visits for other viral URIs, n | 2925 | 24 906 | — | 320 542 | — |
| Guideline-concordant antibiotic management, n (%) | 1599 (55) | 17 128 (69) | <.001 | 268 647 (84) | <.001 |
| Visits where antibiotics prescribed, n | 2381 | 16 198 | — | 152 687 | — |
| Guideline-concordant antibiotic management, n (%) | 561 (24) | 4260 (26) | .005 | 52 776 (35) | <.001 |
—, not applicable.
a
P value determined from χ2 test for DTC telemedicine versus urgent care visits.
b
P value determined from χ2 test for DTC telemedicine versus PCP visits.
c
Visits with guideline-concordant antibiotic management include those categorized as guideline-concordant antibiotic use, no antibiotic use (for acute otitis media and sinusitis visits), and guideline-concordant nonuse of antibiotics.