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. 2019 Jun 7;6(3):ENEURO.0066-19.2019. doi: 10.1523/ENEURO.0066-19.2019

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Copyright © 2019 Bimpisidis et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

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Figure 3. — Altered responsiveness to psychostimulants upon ablation of Vmat2 gene expression in NeuroD6 VTA neurons. Color coding: Vmat2^{lox/lox;NEX-Cre-wt} (Ctrl) in white; Vmat2^{lox/lox;NEX-Cre-tg}(cKO) in green. A, Weight curve for Ctrl (N = 14) and cKO (N = 23) mice. Data presented as mean weight in grams for each week ± SEM (+p < 0.05 effect of genotype; ###p < 0.001, effect of age). B, Baseline locomotion in novel environment. Ctrl (N = 17) and cKO (N = 17). Data expressed as mean distance moved in 5-min bins ± SEM (###p < 0.001, effect of time). C, Sucrose preference expressed as percentage of preference for sucrose over tap water ± SEM. Ctrl (N = 14) and cKO (N = 21; ###p < 0.001 effect of sucrose concentration). D, Ethanol preference expressed as percentage of preference for ethanol solution over tap water ± SEM. Ctrl (N = 14) and cKO (N = 14; ###p < 0.001 effect of ethanol concentration, §§§p < 0.001 3% vs 6% and 10% in ctrl mice). E, Cocaine-induced locomotion. Top, Administration schedule. Bottom, Average distance moved 1 h after injection of saline and 5, 10, 20 mg/kg of cocaine; Ctrl (N = 14) and cKO (N = 21) mice. Data expressed as total distance moved during the 1-h recording period ± SEM (###p < 0.001 effect of session). F, Amphetamine-induced locomotion. Top, Administration schedule. Bottom, Average distance moved 1.5 h after injection; Ctrl (N = 17) and cKO mice (N = 17). Data presented as mean of total distance moved in cm ± SEM for each session; ++p < 0.01 effect of genotype, ###p < 0.001 effect of session, *p < 0.05 and ***p < 0.001 cKO versus Ctrl. G, CPP. Illustration of setup and administration schedule. H, J, Preference score displayed as Δsec, the difference between time spent in drug-paired compared during pretest and test ± SEM, positive value indicates preference (cocaine: Ctrl N = 12, cKO N = 15; amphetamine: Ctrl N = 13, cKO N = 16). I, K, Cocaine-induced and amphetamine-induced locomotion during conditioning in the CPP setup displayed as distance moved in 30 min ± SEM (cocaine: Ctrl N = 12, cKO N = 15; amphetamine: Ctrl N = 15, cKO N = 17, +p = 0.031 effect of genotype, ##p = 0.006, ###p < 0.001 effect of session). Ctrl, Control; cKO, conditional knockout; CPP, Conditioned place preference.