Table 5.
Range of VOC concentrations detected in nail salons in this study compared to other studies
| Country | Reference | Personal or area air (n) | # VOCs | Sampling Method | VOC Air Concentrations Range† |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Toluene µg/m3 | Ethyl methacrylate µg/m3 | Methyl methacrylate µg/m3 | Ethyl acetate µg/m3 | d-Limonene µg/m3 | |||||
| US | This study | Personal (10) | 72 | Passive | 4.8–85 | ND-6,900 | ND-2,100 | 140–2,800 | 5.3–180 |
| Area (8) | 72 | 2.2–105 | ND-5,430 | ND-2,580 | 142–2,630 | 4.2–130 | |||
| Zhong 201916 | Personal (34) | 12 | Passive | ND-650 | ND-1,920 | ND-36,000 | 170–9,650 | ND-300 | |
| Area (34) | ND-380 | ND-1,350 | ND-34,200 | 84–6,900 | ND-200 | ||||
| Quach 201813 | Personal | 3 | Passive | ND-325‡ | - | ND-41,000‡ | - | - | |
| Garcia 201520 | Personal | 3 | Passive | 188–640 | - | 82–27,880 | - | - | |
| Alaves 201319 | Area (12) | 7 | Active | 38–1,168 | - | ND-16,810 | 180–7,200 | - | |
| Quach 20115 | Personal (167) | 3 | Passive | 75–3,766 | - | - | 72–19,800 | - | |
| Area (3) | 6 | Active | 38–226 | - | 492–5,330 | 72–540 | - | ||
| Marty 200779 | Personal | 2 | Active | - | 187–145,000 | 615–21,320 | - | - | |
| Spencer 199711 | Personal,LEV (8) | 2 | Active | - | 1,870–7,013 | ND | - | - | |
| Personal,no LEV (10) | 3 | - | 32,725–65,450 | ND | - | - | |||
| Almaguer 199817 | Personal (1) | 4 | Active | - | ND | - | - | ||
| Area (6) | 4 | - | ND-32,725 | ND | - | - | |||
| Almaguer 199280 | Personal (2) | 2 | Active | - | 11,000–12,000 | - | - | - | |
| Hiipakka 198781 | Personal (17) | 4 | Active | 377–7,532 | ND-79,475 | - | - | - | |
| Froines 19868 | Area (≤25) | 3 | Active and passive | - | 11,220–43,010 | 8610–27,880 | - | - | |
|
Norway |
Gjølstad 20064 |
Area |
70 |
Active |
75–1,168 |
421–14,960 |
82–328 |
36–4,284 |
- |
|
Korea |
Park 201482 |
Area |
Passive |
ND-1’849,000 |
ND-285,000 |
ND-2’500,000 |
720–608,000 |
- |
|
| Yang 201021 | Area (≤25) | 13 | Active | 490–5,300 | - | - | 756–9,000 | - | |
| Active | - | - | 41–492 | - | - | ||||
|
Greece |
Tsigonia 201018 |
Area |
3 |
Active |
3.0–67 |
- |
- |
ND-44 |
ND-227 |
n = number of samples when available in the publication. ND = not detected. VOCs = volatile organic compounds.
†
Range was chosen as the best comparison metric because of the different central tendencies reported across studies.
‡
Approximate range deduced from statistics given in the publication.