Table 1.
Characteristics of Children in Each Analytic Outcome Subgroup Comparing Obese PHACS SMARTT vs. NHANES Participants
| BLOOD PRESSURE OUTCOME ANALYTIC SUBGROUP | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Cohort | |||
| Characteristic | SMARTT HEU (n=304) |
NHANES (n=792) |
p-value |
| Age (yr)/sex groups | |||
| Female age < 10 | 46 (15%) | 98 (12%) | 0.22 |
| Female age ≥ 10 | 107 (35%) | 317 (40%) | |
| Male age < 12 | 108 (36%) | 248 (31%) | |
| Male age ≥12 | 43 (14%) | 129 (16%) | |
| Age (years) | 11.1 (9.3, 13.2) | 11.8 (9.8, 14.9) | < 0.01 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 187 (62%) | 441 (56%) | 0.09 |
| Female | 153 (50%) | 415 (52%) | 0.54 |
| Annual household income ($) | |||
| < 20,000 | 206 (68%) | 221 (29%) | < 0.01 |
| 20,000 – 50,000 | 82 (27%) | 357 (46%) | |
| > 50,000 | 16 (5%) | 190 (25%) | |
| BMIZ | 2.07 (1.87, 2.40) | 2.07 (1.85, 2.33) | 0.17 |
| HTZ | 0.82 (0.02, 1.59) | 0.65 (−0.02, 1.28) | <0.01 |
| WTZ | 2.24 (1.79, 2.66) | 2.15 (1.81, 2.49) | 0.03 |
| Duration of most potent in utero ART regimen (wk) | 21.6 (15.6, 28.9) | -- | |
| In utero ART regimen | |||
| No ARVs | 11 (4%) | -- | |
| Non-combination ART | 49 (16%) | -- | |
| ≥ 3 NRTIs | 35 (12%) | -- | |
| NNRTI-based ART | 36 (12%) | -- | |
| PI-based ART | 158 (52%) | -- | |
| ≥ 3 ARV classes | 1 (0%) | -- | |
| Missing | 14 (4%) | -- | |
| In utero exposure to AZT, d4T, ddI, or ddC | 261 (86%) | -- | |
| TC AND HDL OUTCOME ANALYTIC SUBGROUP | |||
| Cohort | |||
| Characteristic | SMARTT HEU (n=385) |
NHANES (n=916) |
p-value |
| Age (yr)/sex groups | |||
| Female age < 10 | 98 (25%) | 213 (23%) | 0.05 |
| Female age ≥ 10 | 98 (25%) | 287 (31%) | |
| Male age < 12 | 154 (40%) | 311 (34%) | |
| Male age ≥ 12 | 35 (9%) | 105 (11%) | |
| Age (yr) | 9.9 (7.4, 11.4) | 10.6 (8.5, 14.0) | <0.01 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 224 (58%) | 433 (47%) | <0.01 |
| Female | 196 (51%) | 500 (55%) | 0.25 |
| Annual household income ($) | |||
| < 20,000 | 247 (64%) | 261 (30%) | <0.01 |
| 20,000 – 50,000 | 118 (31%) | 415 (47%) | |
| > 50,000 | 20 (5%) | 203 (23%) | |
| BMIZ | 2.08 (1.88, 2.41) | 2.09 (1.86, 2.38) | 0.53 |
| HTZ | 0.85 (0.15, 1.61) | 0.68 (0.03, 1.28) | <0.01 |
| WTZ | 2.20 (1.82, 2.63) | 2.15 (1.82, 2.54) | 0.24 |
| Duration of most potent in utero ART regimen (wk) | 21.4 (15.3, 29.0) | -- | |
| In utero ART regimen | |||
| No ARVs in pregnancy | 13 (3%) | -- | |
| Non-combination ART | 61 (16%) | -- | |
| ≥ 3 NRTIs | 39 (10%) | -- | |
| NNRTI-based ART | 41 (10%) | -- | |
| PI-based ART | 210 (55%) | -- | |
| INSTI-based ART | 3 (1%) | -- | |
| ≥ 3 ARV classes | 2 (1%) | -- | |
| Missing | 16 (4%) | -- | |
| In utero exposure to AZT, d4T, ddI, or ddC | 335 (87%) | -- | |
| TG, LDL, AND HOMA-IR OUTCOME ANALYTIC SUBGROUP | |||
| Cohort | |||
| Characteristic | SMARTT HEU (n=83) |
NHANES (n=188) |
p-value |
| Age (yr) | 14.8 (13.1, 15.3) | 15.4 (13.2, 17.3) | <0.01 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 60 (72%) | 119 (63%) | 0.17 |
| Female | 53 (64%) | 98 (52%) | 0.09 |
| Annual household income ($) | |||
| < 20,000 | 50 (60%) | 60 (33%) | <0.01 |
| 20,000 – 50,000 | 26 (31%) | 76 (42%) | |
| > 50,000 | 7 (8%) | 45 (25%) | |
| BMIZ | 2.09 (1.86, 2.43) | 2.09 (1.85, 2.42) | 0.87 |
| HTZ | 0.41 (−0.16, 1.07) | 0.42 (−0.40, 0.99) | 0.30 |
| WTZ | 2.20 (1.90, 2.61) | 2.15 (1.88, 2.63) | 0.72 |
| Duration of most potent in utero ART regimen (wk) | 19.6 (11.6, 31.7) | -- | |
| In utero ART regimen | |||
| No ARVs | 6 (7%) | -- | |
| Non-combination ART | 31 (38%) | -- | |
| ≥ 3 NRTIs | 5 (6%) | -- | |
| NNRTI-based ART | 12 (15%) | -- | |
| PI-based ART | 26 (31%) | -- | |
| ≥ 3 ARV classes | 1 (1%) | -- | |
| Missing | 2 (2%) | -- | |
| In utero exposure to AZT, d4T, ddI, or ddC | 75 (90%) | -- | |
All continuous variables expressed as median (interquartile range) and categorical variables as n (%). ART=antiretroviral therapy; ARVs=antiretrovirals; BMIZ=Body Mass Index Z-score; HEU=HIV- exposed uninfected; HTZ=Height Z-score; INSTI=Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor; NHANES=National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; NRTI=Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor; NNRTI=Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor; PHACS=Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study; PI=Protease Inhibitor; SMARTT=Surveillance Monitoring of ART Toxicities; WTZ=Weight Z-score; wk=weeks; yr=years