Table 4.
Maternal and infant characteristics
| Variables | Urban | Rural | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gestational age at birth, weeks (n = 203) | 39.30 (1.72) | 39.52 (2.32) | 0.44 |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 23.66 (4.89) | 24.50 (5.37) | 0.079 |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI category, n (%), (n = 437) | |||
| Underweight | 26 (13.1) | 37 (15.5) | 0.129 |
| Normal | 112 (56.3) | 107 (45) | |
| Overweight | 38 (19.1) | 60 (25.2) | |
| Obese | 23 (11.6) | 34 (14.3) | |
| MUAC (cm) (n = 437) | 27.21 (3.95) | 27.93 (4.36) | 0.068 |
| Rate of gestational weight gain/week (kg) Gestational weight gain category, (%) (n = 235) | 0.34 (0.21) | 0.31 (0.16) | 0.107 |
| Inadequate | 27 (26.4) | 41 (30.8) | 0.260 |
| Normal | 26 (25.5) | 42 (24.2) | |
| Excessive | 49 (48) | 50 (37.6) | |
| Infant birth weight (kg) | 3.18 (0.42) | 3.09 (0.43) | 0.101 |
| Infant birth weight category (n = 235) | |||
| Low | 2 (2.0) | 13 (9.8) | 0.03* |
| Normal | 96 (94.1) | 118 (88.7) | |
| High | 4 (3.9) | 2 (1.5) | |
| Head Circumference at birth (cm) (n = 235) | 34.46 (3.65) | 33.32 (1.88) | 0.008* |
| Birth length (cm) (n = 235) | 50.39 (3.06) | 49.66 (2.87) | 0.100 |
*Significance value at p < 0.05