Table 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics, nutritional status and intelligence quotient (IQ) of children aged 5.0 to 12.9 years
| Unweighted count (n) | Estimated population | Percentage (%) | 95% CI | Mean | SE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | 2406 | 3,548,653 | ||||
| Age (years) | 9.0 | 0.1 | ||||
| Sex | ||||||
| Boys | 1201 | 1,823,998 | 51.4 | 48.7, 54.0 | ||
| Girls | 1205 | 1,724,655 | 48.6 | 46.0, 51.3 | ||
| Age groups | ||||||
| 5.0–6.9 years | 631 | 865,374 | 24.3 | 22.3, 26.6 | ||
| 7.0–9.9 years | 892 | 1,339,714 | 37.8 | 35.3, 40.3 | ||
| 10.0–12.9 years | 883 | 1,343,566 | 37.9 | 35.2, 40.6 | ||
| Residence | ||||||
| Urban | 1440 | 2,833,601 | 79.9 | 78.0, 81.5 | ||
| Rural | 966 | 715,052 | 20.1 | 18.5, 22.0 | ||
| Income groups | ||||||
| Below MYR1500 | 863 | 1,104,249 | 31.1 | 28.7, 33.7 | ||
| MYR1500-MYR2299 | 434 | 707,382 | 19.9 | 17.8, 22.2 | ||
| MYR2300-MYR5599 | 712 | 1,111,841 | 31.3 | 29.0, 33.8 | ||
| MYR5600 and above | 397 | 625,182 | 17.7 | 15.7, 19.7 | ||
| Paternal education level | ||||||
| Non-schooling and primary school | 221 | 281,450 | 7.9 | 6.5, 9.7 | ||
| Secondary school | 1577 | 2,290,524 | 64.6 | 62.0, 67.1 | ||
| Tertiary school | 608 | 976,680 | 27.5 | 25.2, 29.9 | ||
| Maternal education level | ||||||
| Non-schooling and primary school | 193 | 248,762 | 7.0 | 5.7, 8.7 | ||
| Secondary school | 1604 | 2,354,731 | 66.4 | 63.8, 68.8 | ||
| Tertiary school | 609 | 945,161 | 26.6 | 24.4, 29.0 | ||
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| Malay | 1148 | 2,098,763 | 59.1 | 56.6, 61.6 | ||
| Chinese | 593 | 682,464 | 19.2 | 17.5, 21.1 | ||
| Indian | 172 | 236,120 | 6.7 | 5.5, 8.0 | ||
| Others | 493 | 531,307 | 15.0 | 13.4, 16.6 | ||
| Anthropometry | ||||||
| Weight (kg) | 31.0 | 0.4 | ||||
| Height (cm) | 130.2 | 0.4 | ||||
| Body mass index (BMI)(kg/m2) | 17.6 | 0.1 | ||||
| BMI-for-age Z-score (BAZ) | 0.2 | 0.1 | ||||
| Height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) | −0.4 | 0.1 | ||||
| Nutritional status | ||||||
| Thinness | 161 | 244,094 | 6.9 | 5.6, 8.5 | ||
| Normal weight | 1548 | 2,245,077 | 63.3 | 60.6, 65.8 | ||
| Overweight | 314 | 462,766 | 13.0 | 11.3, 15.0 | ||
| Obese | 270 | 423,983 | 11.9 | 10.2, 14.0 | ||
| Severe obesity | 113 | 172,734 | 4.9 | 3.9, 6.0 | ||
| Stunted | 158 | 213,483 | 6.0 | 4.9, 7.4 | ||
| Intelligence quotient (IQ) | ||||||
| Low/borderline | 324 | 433,580 | 12.2 | 10.6, 14.0 | ||
| Below average | 307 | 485,845 | 13.7 | 11.8, 15.8 | ||
| Average | 913 | 1,388,445 | 39.1 | 36.6, 41.8 | ||
| High average | 451 | 651,509 | 18.4 | 16.5, 20.4 | ||
| Superior | 411 | 589,275 | 16.6 | 14.8, 18.6 | ||
IQ categories: < 80, low/borderline; 80–90, below average; 90–109, average; 110–119, high average; ≥ 120, superior
Other ethnic groups include Sarawak bumiputra, Sabah bumiputra, and other bumiputra
ǂUSD 1 = MYR 4.1405 (as at 28 September 2018)