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. 2019 Jun 13;9:8615. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44530-7

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Selected physicochemical properties in soil samples and dendrogram from hierarchical cluster analysis using between-groups linkage method and the squared Euclidean distance. AN = alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen, AP = available phosphorus, AK = available potassium, TN = total nitrogen; TP = total phosphorous, SOM = soil organic matter. Error bars denote the standard deviation of the mean (n = 3) and data designated with the same letter are not significantly different (P < 0.05), according to Fisher’s least significant difference method. G = four-year cultivation of American ginseng, M = one-year cultivation of maize, CM = cultivated maize.