Fig. 4.

Schemes of the interfacial layering on 2D materials and mica surfaces. a 2D materials. The water molecules are expelled from the vicinity of the surface. They are replaced by several hydrophobic layers. These layers are composed of airborne molecular species. The spatial period is about 1.7 times larger than the diameter of a water molecule (~0.30 nm); d₀ is the distance to the solid surface; d₁ and d₂ are, respectively, the distances between the 1st and 2nd, and 2nd and 3rd adjacent hydrophobic layers. b Mica. The water density oscillates around the value of the bulk water density. The periodicity is close to the diameter of a water molecule