Fig. 3.

The PAQR-2 signaling acts upstream of autophagy to extend lifespan. a, b Representative images of autophagosomes (GFP::LGG-1 puncta) in the seam cells (a) and intestinal cells (b) of paqr-2(tm3410), nhr-49(nr2041), and fat-7(wa36) mutants at 15 °C and 20 °C, respectively. The arrow denotes a representative autophagosome. The numbers of GFP::LGG-1 puncta were counted in the seam cells and intestinal cells. These results are means ± SD of three independent experiments (n = 30–35 worms per experiment). ***P < 0.001, wild type (WT) versus mutants at 15 °C, one-way ANOVA followed by a Student-Newman-Keuls test. Scale bars: seam cells, 10 μm; intestinal cells, 20 μm. c, d Mutations in paqr-2(tm3410) and nhr-49(nr2041) shortened lifespan of worms at 15 °C (c) and 20 °C (d). P < 0.001, WT versus mutants at 15 °C and 20 °C, respectively. See Supplementary Data 1 for details. e, f fat-7(wa36) mutant worms exhibited a short lifespan at 15 °C (e) (P < 0.001, WT versus mutants), but not at 20 °C (f). See Supplementary Data 1 for details. P-values (c–f) were calculated using log-rank test