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. 2019 Jun 13;10:2585. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-10564-8

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — A higher fraction of neurons integrate locomotion and concurrent wall touch in L2/3 compared with L5. a Four example neurons with different response properties recorded during Open-loop stimulation. Each column presents data from a single neuron across trials in a single session. Top panel heat map shows ΔF/F calcium signal with each row representing a trial. Trials are sorted according to the mean run speed of a trial. Middle and bottom panels show the run speed and texture-rotation speed of corresponding trials. Green periods in the bottom panel indicate when the texture was not in contact with whiskers. Bar graphs at the bottom are mean ΔF/F activity during the four stimulus and movement conditions: no-touch/no-running, running/no-touch, touch/no-running, and touch/running. b Categorization of all L2/3 (n = 338, 5 mice) and L5 (n = 236, 4 mice) neurons according to their activity during their first Open-loop session. Color bars on the left show categories, gray scale shading shows mean ΔF/F at four stimulus/behavior conditions. Cells are sorted according to their mean activity during ‘running/wall touch’ condition relevant to their assigned category. c Normalized distributions of four response categories in L2/3 and L5 populations. Means and standard deviations are calculated from 10 random selections of 11 sessions out of total 24 recording sessions. (Two-sampled T-test is performed to compare distributions for each category p_rest = 0.2, p_run = 5.7 × 10⁻⁷, p_touch = 0.02, p_integrative = 3.7 × 10⁻⁷.) d Average population responses for the four stimulus/movement conditions for L2/3 (in red) and L5 (in blue) neurons shown in (b) (mean ΔF/F ± s.e.m.)