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. 2019 May 14;6:100033. doi: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2019.100033

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© 2019 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 4 — Time-courses of treatment effects for grimace during the conditioning phase. Repeated measures ANOVA showed a main treatment effect of treatment group (F_3,40 = 5.020, p = 0.005) during the conditioning phase. Controlling for post-CCI levels, RGS scores in group 1 (fentanyl/context-) were significantly lower than in Group 3 (saline/context+, (p < 0.001) and Group 4 (natural history, p < 0.001). Similarly, Group 2 (fentanyl/placebo/context+, reported in the figure label as ‘conditioned placebo’) had lower RGS scores during the conditioning than both Groups 3 (p < 0.001) and 4 (p < 0.001). Chart shows days normalized to post-CCI RGS scores. Data are reported showing means with 95% CI.