Table 2.

Summary of interview themes

Level of influence	Theme	Implications for expanding PBN
Individual	Helplessness and fear	For PWUD, posters and fliers associated with empowerment
	Naloxone as empowerment to help	For PWUD, posters and fliers associated with empowerment
	Past experiences at the pharmacy	Training for pharmacy staff to include how to reduce perception of judgment
Interpersonal	Concern for family and friends	For PWUD, posters and fliers associated with community resilience and caretaking actions
	Sources of harm reduction information	Harm reduction materials aimed at family and friends of PWUD For pain patients, information about co-prescribed naloxone from prescribers
Pharmacy	Perceive stigma from pharmacists	Training for pharmacists to include how to reduce perception of judgment as well as information about who has access to record of naloxone purchase
	Confusion at the pharmacy counter	Clear protocols for pharmacy team members on how to provide naloxone (i.e., packaging, counseling, billing, stocking).
	Receptive to offer of naloxone from pharmacists	Training for pharmacists on when and how to offer naloxone universally and objectively
Community	Community caretaking	For PWUD, posters and fliers associated with community resilience
	Need for education and training	Education and training around overdose prevention more widespread in the community
Society	Generational crisis	Clear and visible pharmacy policies about naloxone posted in the pharmacy
	Frustration at lack of response to opioid crisis	Increasing access to naloxone throughout the community beyond the pharmacy setting