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. 2019 Jun 13;10:63. doi: 10.1186/s13244-019-0753-3

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

Causes of obstruction. a Axial CT image showing complete obstruction of the SVC secondary to extrinsic mass compression (arrow). b Axial CT image demonstrating SVC narrowing/occlusion (arrow) secondary to chronic indwelling catheter. c Axial CT image demonstrating intraluminal obstruction of the left axillary vein from a chronic thrombus (arrow)