Figure 1.

Three possible interplays of mitochondrial transport with mitochondrial quality control in axon. Mitochondria are distributed throughout the whole neuron, and neuronal soma is the main compartment where lysosomes residue and mitochondrial biogenesis takes place. Mitochondrial transport could mediate mitochondrial quality control through the following mechanisms: (A) mitochondria generated in soma are anterogradely transported into axon. Improved axonal mitochondrial quality could benefit from increased number of healthy mitochondria or probably mitochondrial fusion between healthy and damaged mitochondria. (B) Damaged mitochondria undergo retrograde transport for mitophagy in soma or fusing with somatic mitochondria. (C) Damaged mitochondrial mobility is arrested by PINK1/Parkin‐dependent degradation of Miro and cleared by local mitophagy in axon