Table 2.
Changes in bioelectrical impedance values during the study.
| Parameters | Time Point | Time Point Comparison | p-Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CTRL (n = 12) | SE (n = 14) | Baseline Comparison | Time × Group | ||
| TBW ratio | Baseline | 1.31 ± 0.29 | 1.25 ± 0.20 | 0.705 | 0.129 |
| Δ 2-week | −0.04 | −0.01 | |||
| Δ Follow-up | −0.01 | −0.04 | |||
| ECW ratio | Baseline | 1.37 ± 0.32 | 1.29 ± 0.23 | 0.494 | 0.122 |
| Δ 2-week | −0.05 | −0.03 * | |||
| Δ Follow-up | −0.01 | −0.05 † | |||
| 1 kHz SFBIA ratio | Baseline | 1.40 ± 0.34 | 1.32 ± 0.25 | 0.595 | 0.307 |
| Δ 2-week | −0.04 | −0.02 | |||
| Δ Follow-up | −0.01 | −0.04 | |||
| 5 kHz SFBIA ratio | Baseline | 1.40 ± 0.33 | 1.31 ± 0.25 | 0.595 | 0.123 |
| Δ 2-week | −0.06 | −0.02 | |||
| Δ Follow-up | −0.02 | −0.04 | |||
| 50 kHz SFBIA ratio | Baseline | 1.36 ± 0.33 | 1.28 ± 0.23 | 0.860 | 0.129 |
| Δ 2-week | −0.04 | −0.02 | |||
| Δ Follow-up | −0.01 | −0.03 | |||
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation for baseline. Changes from baseline to 2-week and baseline to follow-up are presented as Δ 2-week and Δ Follow-up, respectively. p-values for baseline comparison were derived from non-parametric Mann–Whitney U-test. p-values for changes in values were determined by linear mixed-models analyses using time, group, and time × group as fixed effects, subjects as random effects, and BMI as a covariate. p-value for time point comparison was obtained from Wilcoxon signed rank test (paired non-parametric t-test). * p-value < 0.05 in time point comparison between baseline and follow-up. † p-value < 0.05 in time point comparison between baseline and follow-up. Abbreviations: TBW: total body water; MFBIA: multiple frequency bioimpedance analysis; ECW: extracellular water; SFBIA: single frequency bioimpedance analysis.