Table 6.

Serum carotenoid levels for the placebo and active food test groups.

Variable		Week 0	ΔWeek 4	ΔWeek 8	ΔWeek 12	Time × Food Interaction, p b
Lycopene (μg/dL)	Placebo (n = 41)	75.2 ± 45.9	−26.1 ± 36.2	−20.5 ± 47.8	−24.2 ± 49.3	0.64
	Active (n = 33)	85.9 ± 53.0	14.1 ± 49.0	25.4 ± 42.0	22.7 ± 47.9
	p a	0.36	p < 0.001 **	p < 0.001 **	p < 0.001 **
β-carotene (μg/dL)	Placebo (n = 41)	37.6 ± 29.2	−2.2 ± 10.6	−0.3 ± 13.9	−0.9 ± 13.6	0.45
	Active (n = 33)	51.8 ± 45	10.9 ± 20.9	16.2 ± 25.1	12.0 ± 24.5
	p a	0.13	0.002 **	0.001 **	0.009 **

Values are shown as the mean ± standard deviation. p ^a: Student’s t-test was performed. p ^b: repeated measures of analysis of variance was performed. ** p < 0.01 vs. placebo group. $\Delta$Week 4: changes in values from baseline to week 4; $\Delta$Week 8: changes in values from baseline to week 8; $\Delta$Week 12: changes in value from baseline to week 12.