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. 2019 May 21;20(10):2507. doi: 10.3390/ijms20102507

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Schematic representation of epigenetic remodeling events in HSCs in the context of liver fibrosis. Liver injury initiates the transdifferentiation of quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) to their activated phenotype. Specific gene expression/repression processes respond to specific phenotypic changes, including proliferation, contractility, EMC remodeling, chemotaxis, or inflammatory signaling. (A) Global epigenetic changes in activated HSCs, including DNA methylation patterns, DNA-methylation modifiers (DNMTs and TETs), histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) patterns, histone acetyl transferases (HATs), histone deacetyltransferases (HDACs), histone methyltransferases (HMT), and histone demethylases (HDMTs). (B) Example of coordinated epigenetic regulation of PPARɣ transcriptional repression in activated HSCs.