Table 1.
Genes epigenetically regulated in activated HSCs.
| Expression | Specific Genes | Regulatory Mechanism |
|---|---|---|
| Increased expression | Apc2 [35] | Promoter-DNA hypomethylation |
| Wnt5a [39] | Promoter-DNA hypomethylation | |
| Actg2 [36] | Promoter-DNA hypomethylation | |
| Loxl1 [36] | Promoter-DNA hypomethylation | |
| Loxl2 [36] | Promoter-DNA hypomethylation | |
| Col4a1/2 [36] | Promoter-DNA hypomethylation | |
| α-SMA [45,65] | p300-dependent transcription | |
| Elastin [62] | MLL1-mediated H3K4 methylation | |
| Col1a1/2 [64,65] | COMPASS-mediated H3K4 methylation | |
| TIMP-1 [65] | ASH1-mediated H3K4 methylation | |
| ASH1-mediated H3K4 methylation | ||
| TGFβ1 [65] | ASH1-mediated H3K4 methylation | |
| Decreased expression | Adamts9 [36] | Promoter-DNA hypermethylation |
| Mmp15 [36] | Promoter-DNA hypermethylation | |
| Smad7 [40] | Promoter-DNA hypermethylation | |
| Pten [41] | Promoter-DNA hypermethylation | |
| Mmp9 [48] | HDAC4-mediated histone deacetylation | |
| HGF [56] | HDAC7-mediated histone deacteylation | |
| PPARγ [33,65,67] | Promoter DNA-hypermethylation | |
| EZH2-mediated H3K27 methylation | ||
| G9a-mediated H3K9 methylation | ||
| MeCp2-mediated repressive complex recruitment |