Figure 12.

Discovery of critical transcription factors that directly regulate identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in palladium nanoparticle (PdNPs)-treated SKOV3 cells. (A) Ven diagram showing the number of transcription factors (TFs) among the DEGs. (B) Ven diagram showing the number of transcription factors identified when 80 upregulated TF genes were submitted to KEGG pathway analysis. Note that TFs acting in acute myeloid leukemia, MAPK signaling, and Wnt signaling pathways were significantly altered. (C) Gene network showing the interconnectedness of DEGs directly regulated by TFs such as RUNX1, TCF7L1, CEBPA, JUND, DDIT3, RELB, and NR4A1.