Table 4.
Group comparisons between the 3 clusters.
| Characteristic Mean (SD) | Cluster 1 n = 61 | Cluster 2 n = 26 | Cluster 3 n = 78 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female, n (%) | 22 (36%) & | 18 (69%) # | 34 (44%) &# |
| Age, year | 62.3 (8.0) | 63.9 (8.4) | 65.1 (7.9) |
| Education, year | 9.1 (4.9) & | 11.2 (5.6) | 11.3 (4.8) & |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26 (4) | 27 (4) | 25 (3) |
| Smoker a: n (%) | |||
| no | 23 (37%) | 13 (50%) | 40 (51%) |
| previous | 27 (44%) | 11 (42%) | 31 (40%) |
| current | 9 (15%) | 1 (4%) | 3 (4%) |
| DHD-FFQ total score | 48.0 (10.4) # | 50.5 (11.9) | 61.2 (9.6) # |
| Vegetables | 4.0 (2.1) # | 7.0 (2.5) # | 8.5 (1.8) # |
| Fruit | 6.1 (3.1) # | 7.0 (3.0) & | 9.4 (1.2) #& |
| Fibers | 6.4 (1.8) # | 7.0 (1.9) & | 8.4 (1.5) #& |
| Fish | 4.5 (3.2) # | 8.2 (2.8) #& | 7.0 (3.2) & |
| Saturated fat * | 4.1 (4.2) | 4.9 (4.2) | 4.8 (4.0) |
| Trans fatty acids * adherence yes, n (%) | 40 (66%) | 18 (69%) | 58 (74%) |
| Salt * | 5.6 (3.3) | 6.2 (2.9) | 5.9 (2.9) |
| Alcohol * | 9.7 (0.9) # | 3.4 (2.9) #& | 9.7 (1.0) & |
| MMSE | 28.3 (1.8) | 28.8 (1.4) | 28.8 (1.0) |
| CCI | 47.1 (15.9) & | 38.5 (12.7) & | 42.4 (14.9) |
| CES-D | 9.6 (6.9) | 9.7 (6.9) | 9.0 (6.5) |
This table presents the demographics, nutritional intake scores and clinical characteristics of the three clusters. Individuals were clustered based on their scores on the nutritional component (PCA factors). Groups comparison were conducted using Chi Square tests or analysis of variance, &,# p < 0.01. *: higher score indicates better adherence to the nutritional guideline, and therefore a lower quantitative intake in this category. a: Information on smoking was available for 158/165 participants. BMI: body mass index, DHD-FFQ: Dutch Healthy Diet Food Frequency Questionnaire, MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination, CCI: Cognitive Change Index, CES-D: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale.